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This paper examines the nature of the knowledge society. The history of the formation of this society is described. A comparative analysis of the theory of the knowledge society with a number of theories has been carried out. The influence of the new society on the economy has been studied, it has been proved that intellectual technologies are becoming the main tool for managing organizations and enterprises. Information and knowledge are the decisive variables of the new society. The production of knowledge becomes an independent sphere of social production, a prerequisite and foundation for the transformation processes taking place in society. A fundamentally new role of science as a factor affecting all spheres of the human life world is considered.