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[References: 17 tit.]

The theory of electromagnetic radiation dispersion by polydisperse particles is analyzed. Methods of reliable optical indication of smokes to identify Fire Danger are considered. The conventional method of optical smoke detection implies measuring optical characteristics of the environment under control. After that the results obtained are converted into microphysical parameters which can be compared to the known microphysical properties of smokes. The calculated optical portrait of smokes is offered. The portrait of smokes is the field of representation points in coordinates of the degree of diffusion radiation polarization for two diffusion angles. Each of the spots indicates one of the numerous realizations of smokes. The direct match of the representation spots in the optical increases the probability of smoke A different way to protect optical system is to use the device with mutually orthogonal polarizers of the light source and detector. If hindrance is nonspherical aerosol, the signal from the device is used to correct the signals from smoke detectors.

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