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Athletes from the lowland northern areas of the Altai Mountains exceed in body length and weight and havehigher values of chest circumference as compared to the athletes from the highland southern areas of the AltaiMountains. Athletes from the first group are characterized by a hypersthenic body type, they have higher musclestrength indicators (hand and deadlift power) and better lung function compared with Sambo wrestlers from thesouth of the Altai Mountains. Probably, these differences are related to both climatic and geographic and alsosocio-economic factors. The latter factors are responsible for the negative trends in the dynamics of public healthindicators. There are three main causes of differences in morphological and functional parameters of Sambowrestlers of the north and the south of the republic: the extreme climatic conditions, environmental pollution andsocio-economic instability.A more detailed answer to these questions requires further study of morphological and functional indicators ofthe Altai male youth, both involved and not involved in sports, as well as a more thorough description of theAltai Mountains’ youth social life conditions, considering environmental factors.