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The paper presents the scanning and transmission electron microscope investigations of the structure, phase composition, and morphology of heat-resisting alloy modified by thermal treatment and additionally alloyed by rhenium and lanthanum. Rhenium alloy is obtained by the directional crystallization technique. The structural investigations are carried out for three alloy states, i.e. 1) original (after the directional crystallization); 2) 1150°С annealing during 1 h and 1100°С annealing during 480 h; 3) 1150°С annealing during 1 h and 1100°С annealing during 1430 h. It is shown that fcc-based [gamma]- and [gamma]'-phases are primary in all states of the alloy. [gamma]'-phase has L12 structure, while [gamma]-phase is a disordered phase. Rhenium and lanthanum are phase-forming elements. Investigations show that high-temperature annealing modifies the structural and phase conditions of the heat-resisting alloy.