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Russia's share on the high technology market was determined. It represents from 0.3 to 0.5 percent that is tens and hundreds of times less than the share of developed countries. It was revealed that the number of small innovative enterprises and the number of researchers decreased. The position of innovation infrastructure in the national innovation system (NIS) and its role were considered to determine the causes of the current situation and innovation problems. The main problems of innovation development in Russia were analysed. Their causes were identified. The solutions to existing problems were proposed.