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In this article, the effect of a severe plastic deformation (SPD) achieved by groove pressing (GP) on the grain structure and mechanical properties of a rolled sheet Al-Mg alloy was investigated. The study of the microstructure of the samples before and after processing was carried out by means of electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). The mechanical properties of the samples were experimentally studied under uniaxial tension in quasi-static conditions, and microhardness testing was implemented. It was found that the conventional yield strength and ultimate tensile strength increase by the factor of 1.4 and 1.5, respectively; and the microhardness increases by approximately 2.7 times after four machining sequences of the rolled sheet alloy. A bimodal grain structure, consisting of two grain types with particular features, is formed in the samples after four machining sequences of GP.