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Public education in Russia in the final stage of the Civil War in 1920-1921 was an effective instrument of Bolsheviks power; which was successfully used for social stratification, political propaganda and inoculating Soviet political values into social mind. Educational Institutions, established by the Bolsheviks in the Altai province in December 1919 - the half of 1920, significantly contributed to asserting of Soviet Power. Abolition of rebel authorities, formation of the Altai Provincial Revolutionary Committee and the Board of Education are investigated on the basis of archival documents, as well as changes in the Department of Education, functional features of its Divisions, formation of Soviet cultural, enlightening and educational institutions. At the beginning of 1920, school teachers and cultural workers were mobilized for illiteracy abolition among Red Army soldiers and adult population. Teachers of nobility, clergy and merchant social categories were fired from educational institutions. The rest were ordered to join the union under Bolsheviks control and were "attached" to certain schools without the right to resign or change job under threat of reprisals. Teachers were forced to campaign for Soviet Power, to explain the Bolsheviks food policy; school teachers were paid at the lowest category (minimum food and cloths). Rural societies in Siberia were forced to save the teachers’ families from starvation; villagers collected food and clothing for teachers and fed them in turn. Despite attempts of the authorities to transform school teachers in politicized agents, in peasant minds the teacher remained the bearer of vital knowledge and ethics, a stronghold of the rural intelligentsia.