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The problem of transition periods in Russian economy is one of the key points among the Russian Studies’ discussions in our country as well as abroad. The concept of “transitional period of Russian economy” is often associated with radical economic reforms of the 1990s, however, the use of the term “transition period” has a long historical tradition in Russian and Soviet economical mind. The objective of this article is to define the main trends of modern historiography in studies of long and numerous economic transitions in Russian history of the 19th and 20th centuries as factors of economic wellbeing. The authors discuss one of the sustainable practices of Russian economic transitions - the inevitable and long-term preservation of socio-economic and political anachronisms that occurs every time when the government tried to overcome the gap between Russia and advanced countries, the economic leaders. Research results show historiographical interest in the development of unique Russian combinations of economic phenomena such as “state capitalism”, “conservative reformism”, “socialistic monopolism”, “radical liberal reforms” which accompanied the five stages of system Russian modernization.