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To solve the problems of meteorology, ecology, energy, a special interest is caused by the profile of wind speed and the coefficient of turbulent diffusion, which essentially depend on the terrain and the atmosphere condition. In the existing semiempirical models for the wind profile and turbulent diffusion, the aerodynamic effects, caused by the presence of inhomogeneities, are accounted by fitting parameters. Among them the most well-known parameter is the roughness of the underlying surface. Today the data given in the literature is about this parameter, measured for comparatively simple terrain and stable conditions of the atmosphere. The averaged values of the aerodynamic roughness parameters of the underlying surfaces that differ significantly in the degree of inhomogeneity were obtained in the work. Estimations were made using the pollutants distribution functions in the atmospheric boundary layer and an analytical solution of the diffusion-convective transport equation for a point high-altitude source. The distribution functions for coal-fired TPP emissions are measured by the moss-biomonitor method. Estimates obtained for a relatively homogeneous underlying surface are in good agreement with the data given in the literature.