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This paper examines the mineral and geochemical features of lake sediments and waters in intermittent Lake Taloe, located in a semiarid climate. Minerals that belong to groups of oxides, sulfides, aluminosilicates, carbonates, sulfates, and halides are identified through the use of precision methods. The resulting mineral species are divided by genetic features into two associations: terrigenous and hydrogenic. The terrigenous association includes water-insoluble minerals, while the hydrogenic association combines typical hydrogenic minerals. The regularities of the accumulation and distribution of minerals along the lake laterally and to a depth of up to one meter are also examined. The order of deposition of hydrogenous association minerals from sulfate-chloride lake waters was established. The obtained results are confirmed and supplemented by physicochemical calculations, which show the equilibrium of lake waters with hydroxides, oxides, aluminosilicates, carbonates, and sulfates. It has been established that the formation of minerals mainly occurs through evaporative concentration in conjunction with bedrock weathering.