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The report presents extensive factual data on the chemical composition of natural waters in different regions of Central Eurasia. The features of the chemical composition of natural waters are revealed for several regions with a humid and arid climate, as well as for tectonomagmatic activation conditions. The abundance of over 50 chemical elements in natural waters is characterized. The geochemical types of waters corresponding to rigorously defined evolution stages of the water–rock system are established for natural waters of all considered regions based on saturation of waters in secondary minerals. The influence of the geochemical conditions on the dissolution of primary minerals and the formation of secondary mineral phases is revealed. The composition of groundwaters is systematized by the features of the origin of their chemical compositions. The role of climatic, geological, and structural factors in the formation of geochemical types of waters in several Central Eurasian regions is shown.