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In this chapter, we provide an overview of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)based visible light communication (VLC) techniques to ensure high data rates, reliable seamless connectivity and improved capacity for a connected smart city. Smart cities utilize information and communication technology (ICT) to monitor, analyze and manage the assets and resources as efficient as possible. With the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) as an integral part of smart cities, the communication system of the smart city must provide improved quality of service (QoS) with high data rates. VLC is a promising technology to enhance the communication system of a smart city which enables high-speed data transmission simultaneously with illumination. The ability of integrating VLC in device-to-device (D2D) communication, motion detection and localization made it suit for indoor communication in the context of industrial 4.0. Also, VLC can be utilized in vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications that are the key enabling technological components of intelligent transportation system (ITS). To provide a reliable multiple network access technique for the proposed VLC system, NOMA can be used. In addition to the spectral efficiency gain of NOMA, the research indicated that NOMA can effectively support massive connectivity which is paramount in smart city communication systems.