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[References: 8 tit.]

The average structural-group characteristics of molecules of asphaltenes and nitrogen bases of bituminous oil from the Ashalchinskoye oil field and the products of their molecular mass fractionation are described. It was found out that the molecules of the fractions of asphaltenes and nitrogen bases differ in the quantitative values of all structural parameters characterizing the ring composition and the characteristics of aliphatic fragments. Carbon skeletons of structural blocks (units) of molecules of asphaltene fractions vary from biarenes with long aliphatic chains to triarenes containing only methyl groups as alkyl substituents. The carbon skeletons of the structural units of nitrogen base molecules vary from alkylarenes to biarenes containing both methyl groups and longer aliphatic chains as alkyl substituents. The structural units of molecules of all asphaltene fractions and fractions of low molecular weight nitrogen bases are characterized by extreme distribution of aromatic cores in naphthenoaromatic systems. A feature of the molecules of high molecular weight nitrogen bases is the central location of the aromatic core in the polycyclic system.