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This study determines the thermodynamic regularities of the alloying and modification processes of steel with natural and man-made materials in an arc electric-steelmaking furnace and a ladle-furnace unit. The possibilities of the wide application of manganese ores of different compositions for alloying steel with a manganese content of up to 1% are also presented. Alloying takes place without using standard manganese alloys. For alloying, vanadium slag is used; when added, the steel is microalloyed with vanadium using carbon as the main reducing agent, and barium and strontium are also reduced. The use of these materials has been proven to improve the technical and economic indicators of the process of modifying steels and significantly improve the quality of the final metal products. Conclusions on the prospects for a significant expansion of the use of natural and man-made materials are drawn.