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The convection–diffusion transport equation (K-theory) is widely used as a mathematical basis for modeling the dispersion of pollutants in the atmospheric air. One important parameter of this model is the vertical component of the turbulent diffusion coefficient, which describes the vertical transport of fine particles. Existing models of vertical diffusion are developed for short observation periods, during which the state of the atmosphere can be considered stationary. The effect of small concentrations of fine particles on the human body is manifested during prolonged exposure. For this reason, modeling of dispersion curves averaged over long time intervals is of primary interest. This article presents the results of estimates of vertical diffusion coefficients for observation periods of 2, 8, and 11 months. The results are obtained using a semiempirical method based on a regression analysis of the measured horizontal profiles of the level of pollution of the surface layer of the atmosphere by emissions of large enterprises: a thermal power plant and an aluminum plant. The method of active biomonitoring at the height of 1–2 m is used to measure the profiles. The results are analyzed depending on the average wind speed and the degree of heterogeneity of the surface of the investigated territories.