The paper presents experimental results on the modification process in α-Fe surface layers after high-dose implantation. Slow positron beam, conversion Mossbauer spectroscopy, resonance nuclear reactions, measurements of microhardness, non-lubricated friction wear and friction coefficient in wear have been used. The relation of physico-chemical changes and defect structure to changes in operation characteristics of the modified and implanted α-Fe layer has been shown. Ti clusters and small dispersion carbides are formed in the surface of α-Fe after implantation, which increases microhardness and decreases the wear and friction coefficient by a factor of 2.5. Ordered phase Fe3Al, which undergoes partial amorphization with increasing dose is produced as a result of Al implantation. This also decreases wear and increases microhardness. The implantation of C ions did not show decreased wear even in the case of 8 × 1017 cm−2doses, though increased microhardness was found.