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[References: р. 679 (6 tit.)]

In this article, the authors examine the history and the fundamental problems of photography as an edge between art and technology. Photography is emphasized as a mean to an objective representation of reality, and according to that it is differentiated on the basis of its functions and a vector of development in socially important context is offered. The authors introduce the notion of analytical photography as a mean of analytical research such fields as anthropology, sociology, journalism, urban design, as well as in those areas where the solution of a research task is based on visual information.