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The paper deals with the history of artificial lung ventilation apparatus development. It should be noted that mechanical ventilation has a number of benefits, such as preservation of a stable airway, the possibility for the patient to get oxygen and to clear carbon dioxide. Moreover, it helps the patient not to work hard to breathe. The modernization of this apparatus is vital as it offers patients the chance of survival in hospitals especially during today's coronavirus crisis. This paper describes the history of mechanical ventilation and studies the types of ventilation apparatus. Presents the main differences between the 1st, 2nd, 3rd generation ventilators, as well as the shortcomings of modern devices, which needs to be addressed.