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The article is devoted to analysis of the glauconite resource base in Russia. The geotectonic and lithological-paleogeographic positions of deposits and large glauconite occurrences, and their formation conditions are considered. Based on the structural position, age, and spatial localization of deposits and occurrences, glauconite provinces are identified and the most promising areas for expanding the glauconite resource base in the Russian Federation are identified. Information on reserves in deposits, the degree of their development, and production volumes is given. An overview of the main producer countries and glauconite production volumes in the world is presented. The geological structure and quality of raw materials in the Karinsk glauconite deposit are described. In tectonic terms, the glauconite deposits and occurrences in Russia are confined to the central parts of plates and platforms, foredeeps, and orogenic belts. The majority of glauconite deposits and occurrences are found in the Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene (Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous in some cases) rocks. Predicted glauconite resources in the Russian Federation are more than 2.5 Gt. The most promising sites include the areas of western Siberia, as well as Moscow and Kirov districts in the European part of Russia.