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The paper is devoted to the study of the history of Russians in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China (XUAR), where attention is paid to the main spheres of use of the Russian language. The article provides information about the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and also tells about when the Russian people and their language appeared. The waves of the Russian emigration are analyzed. These waves affected deeply the number of Russians. The main areas of application of the Russian language in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China are investigated. All this is of additional interest because the topic remains insufficiently explored. It doesn’t lose its relevance as Russians still live in Xinjiang and continue to speak Russian, which is their important communication tool.