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The paper addresses the research into the properties of bremsstrahlung generated by interaction of the internal electron beam of the 18 MeV betatron with narrow targets, 50 and 8μm8μm thick Si crystals and 13μm13μm thick Ta foil with a length of 4 mm along the electron beam, mounted in the goniometer inside the betatron chamber. The radiation beams generated in the targets were used to obtain the images of a microstructure of thin wire pairs and an object that consisted of four steel bars with 10μm10μm gaps between them. The images indicate high absorption contrast of their components due to a small horizontal size of the radiation source the width of which in the cases of Si crystals and Ta foil was 30-, 187- and 115-fold smaller than the diameter of the electron beam, respectively. The edge phase-contrast was also observed due to high spatial coherency of the radiation with the linear microfocus generated in the source based on the B-18 betatron with a narrow target inside.